This chapter addresses optical holography as practiced in or near the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The idea of a holog raphy is to encode the phase information into intensity variation. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. The authors establish a synthetic state of the art of important advances in the field of digital holography. Holography physics homework help, physics assignments and. The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact.
It is a system of light and dark areas created by interference of two beams that even under the microscope does not offer any information about the displayed object. Table of contents rules of play game design fundamentals 1. The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. In summary, inline holography can be summarized as the process of recording the fresnel diffraction pattern of the object onto a photosensitive film. Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without the use of a lens.
Thus the images of an extended object can be recorded and reproduced just as for a single point object. A hologram does not have any symbols reminding the displayed object. Holography meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Listen to jason arthur sapan talk about the history of holography on gizmodo. The term hologram is a combination of the greek words holos complete and gram message holography is a process for recording and displaying threedimensional information without lenses therefore holography opens up completely new possibilities in science, engineering, graphics and arts. Jeong lake forest college lake forest, illinois holography is a much broader field than most people have perceived. In order to start the process, two beams of light are created by the refraction of one light beam directed at a. Derived from the greek word holos meaning whole, the term hologram means simply a complete picture. Finally, we combine holography and tomography to reconstruct the 3d distribution of electric and magnetic fields and show which magnetic properties can be derived from these. Modern optics t h e i t y o f e d i n b u r g h topic 10. This is the reason why gabor apparently abandoned holography by the mid 1950s 2. The techniques and principles of holography have been modi.
As explained earlier the aim of this work is also the same, which is to devise a. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Holography basic principles and contemporary applications is a collection of fifteen chapters, describing the basic principles of holography and some recent innovative developments in the field. Characteristics of holograms holography and holographic. Holographic interferometry holography virtual gallery. First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is given, including quantitative phase microscopy.
New recording materials for the holographic industry. Chimera ultimate holography also sells film, plates and chemistry geola, vilnius, lithuania also sells pulse lasers, film, plates and chemistry zebra imaging, austin, tx technology acquired by holotech3d. Nobel prize winner dennis gabor, holographys inventor, saw the film after it was made and said it was the. From fundamentals to advanced experiments and applications, this book explains how holography works. He takes the reader through what a hologram is, the history of holography, what sort of light sources can be used to make a hologram, what kinds have been made to date and so on through to. In an amplitude hologram, the phase information is recorded as transmission variation optical density variation. However, some holographic applications are not widely known in modern life. New recording materials for the holographic industry david jurbergs a, friedrichkarl bruder b, francois deuber b, thomas facke b, rainer hagen b, dennis honel b, thomas rolle b, marcstephan weiser b, andy volkov c. O2, changes the angle between the reference beam and the film, and exposes a second time. Although holograms were immediately popular for art, practical applications of optical holography lagged until the 1980s.
Many methods exist for the recording and playback of a hologram, and a simple apparatus is shown in figure 1 and figure 2. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram, which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes and whorls but whichwhen illuminated by coherent light, as by a laser beamorganizes the light. Holograms are photographs of three dimensional impressions on the surface of light waves. Functional holography fh is a method of analysis designed to extract the maximum amount of functional information about the dynamical network as a whole unit itay baruchi and his ph. No material can record both the phase and amplitude of the electric eld. Complexity of formation in holography shira chapman, ahugo marrochioa. There are two physical phenomena as the principles of the holography. The process is similar to that of photography except that rather than recording an image, it captures light fields. Technische fachhochschule berlin, university of applied sciences, seestr. Digital inline holographic microscopy jorge garciasucerquia, wenbo xu, stephan k.
In other words, optical holography is the forefather of digital holography. Basic fundamentals of digital holography request pdf. Holography 1 background the word hologram was coined from the greek word \holos which means whole, because the recorded hologram contains all the information of the image eld. The release of graham saxbys third edition of practical holography shows how well the author understands what people need from a complete book on holography. This book is devoted to special techniques in digital holography. Fundamentals of phaseonly liquid crystal on silicon lcos. For decades, holograms have been seen largely on the screen, in scifi movies and tv shows like star wars and star trek. Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students to perform the lab. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. Hohmr4 hologram recombination machines are used to transfer the image from the nickel shim master to a special plastic namely polycarbonate sheet. To fully understand the history of holography you need to have a basic idea of what a hologram is. Optical holography didnt take off until the invention of the laser in 1960. Originally, holography was a technique used to improve electron microscopes.
This paper describes the fundamentals of phaseonly liquid crystal on silicon lcos technology, which have not been previously discussed in detail. It presents the basic properties related to a digital hologram. It is a problem of image recognition, interferometry of measurement, holographic optical elements, questions of image processing and many others. How holography goes about recording phase information on a medium insensitive to phase is with the use of two separate beams one is the usual beam associated with the image to be recorded and the other is a completely separate beam known as the reference beam and exploiting the interference. The work reported in this thesis is also an attempt to digitise such an optical holographic technique proposed by jeong 1967. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy.
Generally, each exposure time is onehalf that of the exposure for a singlescene hologram, assuming no great change in object brightness. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image. Photography holographic recording hologram formation reconstruction types of holograms holographic material mass production of holograms a p p l i e d o p tic s g r o u p d e p a r t ment o f p h y s i c s. It guides students from simple optics to advanced topics in holography, following a practical approach using realworld materials. The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. The results obtained in this workmatch current expectations observations. This publication about the special holographic application holographic.
The principals of wavefront reconstruction were discovered by gabor in an attempt to. Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. Unlike a photograph, which records the square of the electric eld, a hologram contains both the amplitude and phase information from the image. Pdf holography is the science of making holograms which are usually intended for displaying three dimensional images. Holography definition of holography by the free dictionary. The first, understanding holography, presents the principles of hologram recording illustrated with practical examples. Advances in holographic technology could have farreaching. Microwave holography infrared holography ultraviolet holography xrayholography electron holography acoustic holography lightinflightholography polarization holography conoscopic holography pseudodeep holograms digital holography conclusion references appendix 1 the mathematical background to holography formation of a hologram reconstruction. This chapter introduces the principles of digital holography, as well as the associated reconstruction methods. The famed holodeck on star trek was used on a variety of the. Figure 3825 shows photographs of a holographic image from two different angles, showing the changing perspective in this threedimensional image. Hologram formation expose emulsion in the linear region and develop to form negative. This film examines the process of holography, types of holograms, and the uses of the hologram for artistic and scientific purposes, as demonstrated by tung h. Fundamentals of holography holography wiley online library.
Merge holocube, the first hologram you hold in your hand, augmented reality fun. Holography is a method of recording and reconstructing wavefronts residing anywhere in the electromagnetic spectrum or acoustic spectrum. The recording medium for holography is typically some type of film emulsion. Apr 07, 2020 holography is the creation of threedimensional images called holograms. Holography basic principles and contemporary applications. Furst, np discovered by the hungarian dennis gabor in 1948, holography is based on the concept of interference. Therefore a discussion on various optical holographic methods will throw more light on the foundations of this research work. The transmission of the developed film can be linear in absorbed energy over a limited dynamic range. Using such kk holography procedure, we obtain the vacuum expectation values of the chiral primary operator of conformal dimension.
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